A sensor is a device that can detect, measure or indicate specific physical quantities (such as light, sound, pressure, temperature, vibration, humidity, velocity, acceleration, presence of specific chemical components or gases, movement, presence of dust particles, etc.) by converting them into electrical signals. When the sensor senses and sends the information, the actuator is activated and starts to operate. The actuator receives the signal and sets its desired action so that it can take action in the environment.
Intelligent sensor refers to the intelligent sensor that can sense, collect and judge, analyze and process the external environment information independently. Smart sensors has information collection, processing, exchange, storage, and transmission function of multi-element integrated circuits, sensors, communications module, microprocessor, drive and the interface, and software algorithm, which integrates the system level, device with self-study, self diagnosis and compensation ability, as well as sensory integration and flexible communication ability.
Compared with general sensors, smart sensors have the following advantages:
Self-test, Self-calibration, and Self-diagnosis: The self-diagnosis function performs a self-test when the power is switched on and uses diagnostic tests to determine whether a component has failed. In addition, it can also be corrected online according to the usage time, and the microprocessor uses the stored measurement characteristics data for comparison and verification.
Induction fusion: The intelligent sensor can measure multiple physical quantities and chemical quantities at the same time, and give information that can reflect the motion law of substances more comprehensively. For example, a fusion liquid sensor can simultaneously measure temperature, flow rate, pressure, and density of a medium. How the mechanical sensor can simultaneously measure the three-dimensional vibration acceleration, velocity, displacement of a certain point of the object.
High precision: Intelligent sensor has information processing function, not only can correct all kinds of deterministic system errors by software, but also can properly compensate random errors, reduce noise, so as to greatly improve the sensor accuracy.
High reliability: The integrated sensor system eliminates some unreliable factors of the traditional structure and improves the anti-interference performance of the whole system. At the same time, it also has the functions of diagnosis, calibration and data storage, with good stability.
High cost performance: With the same accuracy requirement, the cost performance of multi-functional smart sensors is significantly higher than that of ordinary sensors with single function, especially after the integration of cheaper microcontrollers.
Functional diversification: intelligent sensor can achieve multi-sensor multi-parameter comprehensive measurement, through programming to expand the range of measurement and use; It has certain adaptive ability, and can change the range form of output data accordingly according to the change of detection object or condition; With digital communication interface function, it can be directly sent to the remote computer for processing; With a variety of data output forms, suitable for a variety of application systems.
Signal normalization: The analog signal of the sensor is normalized by an amplifier and then converted to a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter. Microprocessor in serial, parallel, frequency, phase, pulse and other digital transmission forms of digital normalization.
The demand growth drivers for smart sensors mainly include:
The growing popularity of the Internet of Things and the Industrial Internet of Things
The trend of automobile electrification and intelligence
The popularity of wearable consumer electronics
Advances in sensor technology and MEMS manufacturing processes
The increasing use of various sensors in smartphones (e.g., CMOS image sensors)
Strong demand for industrial automation and intelligent manufacturing
Smart city, transportation and building intelligence
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